Be sure to report this in your PRISMA flowchart. It is possible that the full text is not accessible for all of your references. However, it's great to keep track of reasons for exclusion at all stages of review. The review team will also need to track interrater reliability and agree on a method for resolving conflicts ahead of time.Īt this stage the team may not need to report any justification for the exclusion of articles in the ( PRISMA) flowchart. References identified as "maybe" should be treated as "included" at this stage, and move onto the full-text review. It is best practice to also have a "maybe" or "can't tell" option for reviewers, as it will not be possible to tell if every article meets your eligibility criteria based on title and abstract alone. This is a quick scan (only seconds spent on each reference) to determine whether a reference is relevant (and should be included) or is not relevant (and should be excluded) based on your predefined eligibility criteria. The PRISMA flowchart includes space to document duplicates identified at later stages, too.ĭuring the initial review, 2 reviewers screen the title and/or abstract of all unique records retrieved through the comprehensive search. Note: it is very likely that not all duplicates will be identified during this process - duplicate records may also be found during the critical appraisal and data extraction phase(s). If a unique record is erroneously removed, these software allow for the record to be moved back to the main corpus. These duplicate records are removed from the main corpus that will undergo review, but are retained in the project so that reviewers can manually check to ensure accuracy. (b) Review software, like Covidence will automatically identify and isolate duplicate records in a 'duplicates' folder upon importing. ![]() (a) Citation managersare able to identify duplicate records - although the process for removing duplicates requires a reviewer to manually determine whether each match is a true duplication or not. Use (a) citation managers to remove duplicates manually, and/or (b) review managers to remove duplicates automatically. Failure to remove duplicates before screening will result in unnecessary time and effort expended to review the same material more than once. If you conduct a proper comprehensive search, you will get many duplicates by searching several sources. You will also have a list of excluded references with reasons for exclusion, documentation of efforts to seek further information and a list of references for which decisions were still unclear, as well as interrater reliability score(s) (covered in the last tab in this box) for both the title and abstract and full text reviews.īefore screening, remove duplicate records. The eligibility screening process for systematic reviews or systematic maps.Īt the end of this process, you will have a corpus or body of literature that is relevant to your review scope - this corpus moves onto the next steps in the review. This graphic is adapted from the PRISMA 2020 flowchart and the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) Figure 6.1. ![]() Each of these items are covered in the following tabs. ![]() Prior to the initial screening, you must remove duplicates references before full text review, you must find full text. ![]() There are two primary stages during eligibility screening: (1) Title & Abstract, and (2) Full text review.
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